Sari in Art History

The sari is an unstitched strip of cloth which resembles the classic Indian women's fashion, it is usually made of soft cloth such as cotton and silk. The sari is available in many colors, and art work may be present to give the sari a more unique look. However, regardless of the abundance of colors and styles of the sari, a black sari never existed, even during the most unpleasant event, such as funerals, the Indian women wear a simple white sari to resemble sadness, and the red sari is assigned a symbol of happiness. Sari is worn in many different ways, but the most common way is to wrap it around the waist with one end over the shoulder. Indian women usually wear a choli or ravika, which is an Indian blouse, to cover up parts of their body that might be exposed due to wearing the sari the way they do. The way in which a sari is wrapped depends on which region in Indian one is in, or the sari wearer is originally from: The Western, the Eastern, the North-east and the Himalayans, the Eastern Deccan, the South and the Western Deccan (Lynton 532). The sari is typically created and given its different art forms in these aspects: Loom, dyeing, spinning, printing (Lynton 532). In fact, one can say that the art of a sari, in its completed form, that is after it has been spun, dyed and weaved on the loom, is that it tells a very distinct story (thus the different ways of wearing the garment in the different regions—and as stated above, white is used for funerals and red saris are used to resemble and express the happiness of the wearer). The Sari gave the Indian women that attractive fashion style which made women, even foreigners to the Indian culture, wears the sari as a different, unique, and stylish outfit. Although the Sari might look simple, and available to all women in the Indian subcontinent, its price can vary significantly depending on many factors, the fabric used, the amount of art work involved, and embedded jewelry such as pearls, and even Swarovski crystals in the modern saris. The higher end saris will be worn by the upper class women to represent their rank and status, and Indian women are known also to wear fine jewelry to complement their piece of art saris. The sari is a rather erotic garment –for nothing holds the garment in place excepting how the material is wrapped around the wearer’s body. The sari is such a symbol of India that the women have grown to make their identities through the wearing of a sari. The sari is a nostalgic garment that breeds itself as a cultural icon of Indian that at once defines the women as well as their status. A woman wearing a sari is immediately recognized as Indian – thereby cementing the sari as a symbol of nationalism for these women of Indian as well as traditionalists (Menon 11). The sari is at once a traditionalist garment as well as a sexually alluring one. The fabrics that are used in making a sari are typically of silk – thus, the woman wearing the sari is constantly covered in this smooth fabric that is very pleasing to the touch. Some silks are spun so light that it feels as though the wearer is not wearing anything – this of course is appealing to the opposite sex if not for the wearer. The sari itself is beautifully accentuates the woman’s body – her curves and her movements give a hushed rustle as she walks and the way in which the silk is spun allows the light to cascade over the garment giving a glimpse of the figure beneath its folds. It is no wonder that the sari is such a sought after icon of a country and why it is being adapted to other countries. Thus, the garment is twofold in its inclusion in Indian society – it accentuates the female form but perhaps it also stifles a woman’s sense of individuality. There is no doubt that the sari – outside of the Indian tradition has a definite erotic effect, whether intended or not. Despite that the sari covers up most of the woman’s figure it is in the subtler nuisances of the fabric’s design that allow for a re-configuring of that garment’s use outside of the traditionalist’s mode of thinking. Although much of the world is becoming westernized – that is to say that much of the world is becoming more accustomed to wearing American fashion (i. e. Jimmy Choo, punk, etc. that wearing a sari in Indian or outside of the country, many women would be seen as old fashioned or as traditionalists, â€Å"As a symbol of Indian-ness itself, it represents not a compact nationality so much as an aspiration what Khilnani has called the idea of India which people struggle to live up to as worthy inheritors of a great and ancient culture, an India that transcends regions and diversity to reconstitute itself at a highe r plane. As a result and as one fashion commentator perceptively put it, to violate the integrity of the sari is akin to burning the American flag† (Menon 12). However, there may also be another reason that Indian women wear a sari – perhaps there is little else in a traditionalist culture that is available for them to wear or anything that they would be allowed to wear. Perhaps other culture’s fashion (progressive fashion) is seen as unsuitable for an Indian woman to wear – thus, the garment, while being a major source of history is also in a way effective with women’s rights and the lack of them in this part of the mindset of Indian culture (Menon 11). The reverse of this is that certain women in Indian culture use the sari in order to express how in control of themselves they are by the way in which they wear the garment. Working women will wear their garment differently than women who tend to a house and family and do not work outside of the home. Either sentiment may be true but what is most assuredly true is that the sari can be worn with pride or not depending on the wearer, â€Å"This elevated sari has an advanced capacity for good and for bad. Perhaps the single most common comment we heard about the sari is that it makes a woman the most beautiful she could ever become†¦In a society where power itself is generally thought of as having a female aspect, in the for of shakti, the sari simultaneously augments combines and ‘totalises’ the possibilities of aesthetic beauty, female mastery, sexuality and the cult of the maternal† (Banerjee 236). Thus, the sari may in fact give a subtle indication of power by the wearer depending on the ancient traditions on how it is made, the symbols on it, and especially the way in which it is worn. In either case the sari may be considered a work of art in itself for the way in which it must be weaved or loomed, dyed, and the type of material used to place the dyes upon if not the way in which it is also worn. All of these components of the garment add up to a subtly sexy and erotic material that despite covering up its wearer makes her the more sensual for it; for the sari is a garment that places its emphasis on the way in which it moves, it glides around the wearer in traditional form.

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone Essay

In this essay, I would like to evaluate the first helping of the Harry Potter movie-series which was shown worldwide in 2001. Specifically, I am referring to the movie entitled â€Å"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone†. The movie is an adaptation of J. K. Rowling’s novel of the same title, which chronicles the childhood adventures of a kid named Harry Potter. In this essay, I intend to evaluate â€Å"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone† by looking at how successful the film was able to entertain the general public, especially youngsters. Aspects of the First Harry Potter Movie Since the crux of J. K. Rowling’s novel was about magic, the film’s success was heavily dependent on how well Harry Potter is adequately portrayed as a wizard in control of his magical powers. Thus, the effective portrayal of magical powers throughout the film is the criteria which I employ in my evaluation of the movie. In many ways, the film did not disappoint in this aspect. Magic was the defining aspect of Harry Potter – i. e. , from his birth to his journey to the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, he is portrayed as a character that needs to get acquainted with his innate magical powers. Along the same vein, magic was the controlling concern of the characters surrounding Harry. The giftedness of the other characters such as Ron and Hermione, as well as his lone enemy Voldemort was also portrayed well in the movie. Which is why, there are many reasons to think the first Harry Potter movie was successful in entertaining its audience because it was able to zero in on use of magic with much flair and fun. This aspect can be further shown if one compares this particular Harry Potter movie with other films – such as Chronicles of Narnia or Lord of the Rings – that employ magic in a manner that pits two opposing forces (good vs. bad) against each other. Harry Potter is successful in using this use of contrast as well. For instance, the story of Harry Potter’s survival from the hands of the evil Voldermort was recounted in the movie. In addition, his struggle to emerge victorious from the hands of a bully named Draco highlights the use of magic even more. The use of magic as a way to pit opposite forces makes the movie more interesting. Thus, use of contrast highlights even more the whole point of the movie, which is to entertain the audience with a fair amount of scenes involving magic. Some reviews about Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone however does not subscribe to the idea that the frequent display of magic in the movie makes it sufficiently interesting. According to a writer, the movie is entertaining because it reminds people that the art of movies is not just about portraying wars and strife but is about conveying the message of â€Å"peace and plenty† (Bradshaw). In ways more than one, I agree with this assessment. The movie is in fact entertaining because it does not leave the audience with a feeling of anger or anxiety which most action or suspense movies elicit. I feel though that since the primary audience of this Harry Potter consists in children and youngsters, the frequent use of magical powers still served the movie pretty well. Without an adequate portrayal of magic, I think the movie could have been a monumental blunder, especially when it is compared with the liveliness of its book counterpart. Conclusion I wish to end with the thought that, on account of the frequent use of magical powers throughout the film, the first Harry Potter movie must be called a success because it was able to entertain its primary target audience – the children. Nothing is more appealing for children than inciting their imagination; and most often, magic belongs to one of their many preoccupations. As a consequence, any film that is able to cater to children’s fascination over magic would end up being a sure hit. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone is one of them. Work Cited Bradshaw, P. â€Å"Harry Potter: A Special Report†. The Guardian, 16 November 2001. Retrieved 14 August 2008

Alternate Enery-solar energy Annotated Bibliography

Alternate Enery-solar energy - Annotated Bibliography Example 143). Many economies advocated for use of renewable sources of energy to mitigate the possibility of energy crisis. As a result, governments turned to hydro generated electricity for sustainability. The recent concern is the high cost of energy across domestic and industrial applications. This has led to need of alternative energy that is cheaper to supplement other energy sources. Solar energy is the most efficient alternative source of renewable energy since the sun is freely available. Robert et al.’s book focuses on weaknesses, strengths and application of solar power energy. In addition, the book outlines the design and fabrication of solar energy technologies. Common technologies discussed include refrigeration, distillation, detoxification, and water pumping using solar generated power. The authors have analyzed photovoltaic power generated from solar power and its applications in remote site equipment that consume low power. Robert et al. advocate for the use of renewable energy sources that guarantee sustainability and environment conservation. In that regard, they discuss how to improve energy efficiency through use of renewable solar energy. The text is relevant since it outlines the suitability for using solar energy as a renewable energy source as compared to other sources. Boxwell, Michael. Solar electricity handbook: a simple, practical guide to solar energy: How to design and install photovoltaic solar electric systems. 2011 ed., 4th ed. Ryton on Dunsmore, Warwickshire, U.K.: Greenstream Pub., 2011. Print. Michael’s solar electricity handbook provides guidelines for using solar panels to generate electricity. He further outlines procedures followed to design and implement a photovoltaic solar system. For the sake of reference, this book comes along with a detailed website that contains the relevant solar resources and other information a solar user

Binge Drinking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Binge Drinking - Research Paper Example Binge drinking is not a good thing to be practiced and inevitably can cause destruction to physical and psychological health of a person. Binge drinking is an activity predominately activity among college students rather than any other group in a community. According to (Wolberg,23-39),â€Å"The number of students who drink with the intent of getting drunk has increased from 40% to47%, and the number of "frequent" binge drinkers, defined as those who binged at least three times in the last two weeks, has increased from 20% to23%†.The college students who are youngsters indulge in binge drinking because they mostly get intimidated or influenced by their mates and peers. These people are less educated about the after affects of alcoholism and get caught in the intoxicative experience of alcohol. Being young they are very impulsive, and does not have a control on their senses and end up being binge drinking victims. The Binge drinking phenomena does not only react on the physical and mental well being of a person but bring about lot of calamities to the social arena and people existing in it. It is understood by research that, college students drink alcohol with a sole purpose of getting drunk. Once they are drunk they are devoid of their senses and involve in frights, raping, social violence and other outrageous activities. It also badly hampers their education purposes and makes them alcohol addicted people who serve no value to the society. It is seen that, white college student engage more in binge drinking than black students.â€Å"Only 16.5 percent of African-American college students had engaged in binge drinking, about one third the rate for white college students, which then stood at 48.1 percent†. Mostly black college students refrain from drinking alcohol as they do not take is as a so called â€Å"cool thing†. Additionally most of them belonging to poor social class cannot afford to buy alcohol. The students as they turn major, is already victimized to alcohol, and this affect they thinking and responding ability. It is not a wrong thing to consume alcohol, but the drinking process should not get out of control so as to put their health at risk. Most of the college students being away from home town enjoy a sense of freedom which makes them get influenced by alcohol excessively.Additionally, their parents and family members are away and they have nobody to control their activities. It is a saddening fact that college students in their productive years get accustomed to binge drinking and lose their opportunity to build foundation of their future career. It is seen that youngsters who get started with alcohol consumption around the age of 19 are more likely to be under its influence in future and become heavy binge drinkers. Unfortunately, people like this also drives under alcohol intoxication and meet with accidents and lose their lives. As per (CSPI) â€Å"Frequent binge drinkers are 21 times more likely t han non-binge drinkers to miss classes, engage in vandalism, be injured or hurt, engage in unplanned sexual activity†. Since minors are less matured and also less educated about the aftermaths of binge drinking, end up in worst disasters under the influence of various alcoholic beverages. When college students get intoxicated, they like to explore activities which are bizarre and end up getting hurt or injured. There are

Critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Critical analysis - Essay Example The major effect of global warming is the increase in the carbon dioxide emissions leading to a hotter environment. The long-term effects of the increased carbon emissions include mass extinctions, famine, floods, hurricanes and drought. The film An Inconvenient Truth aims at educating the masses on the need to have environmental friendly investments and sources of energy. This includes developing new generation vehicles. This essay seeks to present an argument whose aim is to find out whether global warming is a swindle or an inconvenient truth. The essay intends to point out the cause of and solutions to global warming. Thesis Global warming has been attributed to human activities or natural phenomena such as changes in the sun. It is imperative to consider the actual cause of global warming and solutions based on the opposing arguments. Strong point for global warming According to Davis, in the movie An Inconvenient Truth, the melting of glaciers parks and ice shelves is bound to have a profound effect. Some of these ice shelves include Mount Kilimanjaro, the Himalayas, Glacier National Park, Italian Alps and Colombia Glacier. Research shows that some of these glaciers have melted halfway. As a result, many polar bears are drowning as a result of swimming longer distances in search of glaciers. These are facts that can be quantified statistically. Continued global warming is likely to result in increased devastation. It is estimated that the melting of Greenland or Antarctica will eventually result in the rise of sea levels (An Inconvenient Truth). This rise is expected to reach twenty feet. In effect, the twenty feet rise in the sea level would leave one hundred million people homeless. This is especially so if places such as Florida, Netherlands, Bangladesh, Shanghai, San Francisco, and Calcutta become affected. In the United States, some of the economic sectors are expected to be impacted more than the others. The agricultural societies are expected to be profoundly affected by the impact of global warming. This is as a result of the loss of soil moisture. In the United States, the frequent wildfires are said to be a direct consequence of this phenomenon. However, an increasing number of scientists have been attempting to debunk the concept of global warming. They argue that human activities cannot be the cause of global warming (The Great Global Warming Swindle). The

Everythings a arguement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Everythings a arguement - Essay Example Let me put some logic into your puny gullible minds. First, what is ugly? To make the definition easier for your brains, ugly means â€Å"not pleasant to look at1†. If these stepmothers are actually as ugly as their creators (Hans Christian Andersen and Brothers Grimm are definitely no GQ models2), rich men would never decide to marry them. Rich? Yes. The stepmothers are supposedly after your heroines inheritance, right? Attractive? They must be, or they would never be called â€Å"beauties† worth of royal attention. All these facts just push my point further3. Get real! Do you really believe that Prince Charles during his younger years would marry somebody like Susan Boyle4 --- a poor, hideous nobody? Yea, Prince Charles is not an eye-candy5, but instead of this he is f---ing rich. Second, what is evil? It is quite elementary, Watson6! Evil is the opposite of good. Then so, what is good? Heroes and heroines are good. Yea, I agree to a certain extent (Robin Hood, or anyone else?7). So, thank you for helping me arrive at my point that if heroines are good, they must be known for doing good deeds to people. What exactly did Snow White, Cinderella, and the rest of these women did to be called heroines? All of them are melanin-deprived. Let us take Snow White as an example. She lacks courage. Escaping the huntsman is out of the mans kindness and not out of Snow Whites fighting skills. She even broke into the house of the seven little men who were all taken by her beauty. Sure, she offered her domestic services in exchange for a place to stay. And what about her almost getting killed by poison because of her moronic trust on an ugly stranger who gave her a fruit? This has nothing in common with heroism. Well, she survived several attempts at her life. She had to survive from pure luck and from the perversion of the handsome lord who happened to pass by and used a chance to dmonstrate his necrophilia8. What about Cinderella? Her dissatisfaction

Foundation Seminar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Foundation Seminar - Research Paper Example is whether conventional forms of regulation, such as protecting and controlling public communication along with the media’s main cultural and social functions, still play an important role despite the transitions undergone by the media system (Oba and Chalm-Onsted, 2005). Broadcasters and media regulators alike must be able to keep up with such changes and effectively work in an environment that will give them opportunities to upgrade their operations and strategies to new heights. Involvement between these two parties is essential to maintain the success of the TV industry in the coming years. Owing to the expansion of cable television, the multichannel environment has expanded into both the developed and underdeveloped countries (ITU, 2000). In short, multichannel media has expanded in many countries, and the cable penetration rate, such as the number of households that have gained access to cable television, has become an indicator for the development of this form of TV channel distribution. The current study aims to address several objectives- first is to ascertain whether establishing a TV channel in the Middle East that will completely cover all occurrences in the Arab world will play an important role during this time, and second is to identify the challenges that may be faced by individuals who attempt to create such a form of TV channel. The reform process that has taken place in the Arab world has been stationary as changes are moving at a slow pace despite the claims of government leaders that they have been placing much effort on this issue (Liebes and Katz, 2007). The younger generation, most especially, has become exposed to the new trends and resources of which most of the leaders who belong to the older generation do not yet understand (Kraidy and Kahlil, 2007). Therefore, the establishment of a new TV channel in the Middle East that will have a complete and uncensored coverage of all that is happening in the Arab world will help all citizens

Developing Twenty-first Century Civil Engineering Essay

Developing Twenty-first Century Civil Engineering - Essay Example Civil engineering is a discipline that is changing rapidly. There has been a major development of civil engineering in the twenty-first century due to changes in technology and weaknesses in the old civil engineering methods. This is because this century offers solutions to many problems in the building and construction industry. This includes upcoming of many institutions that offer formal training of civil engineers to create professionals in the field. There are firms formed by civil engineers that look at the construction needs and challenges to find solutions. They also act as a standard setting institution to certify civil engineers before they get to the construction industry so that they are competent enough. This century presents many challenges in civil engineering. This is because most problems that the society faces today have a direct relationship with this field. For instance, some road accidents are associated directly with poor road construction which is under civil e ngineering (Seely, 1999, p.8). This perception by the society calls for a change in the framework of our structures for professional and educational bit of this discipline. To cub this challenges, the civil engineering discipline liaises with other related disciplines like surveyors and architects so that construction of buildings is carried out to meet quality standards.It is for this reason that a framework has been set to improve the competency of civil engineering in this century.... There has been change in this trend due to factors like technology. It is for this reason that colleges and universities have been built to provide formal education on this discipline. The first college to offer formal education on civil engineering was known as Norwich University in the United States. They offered degree courses in this area to ensure that civil engineers came out competent and well equipped with all relevant skills (Seely, 1999, p.87). This has greatly led to an improvement in the construction industry. Developing Twenty-first Century Civil Engineering Civil engineering is a discipline that is changing rapidly. There has been a major development of civil engineering in the twenty-first century due to changes in technology and weaknesses in the old civil engineering methods. This is because this century offers solutions to many problems in the building and construction industry. This includes upcoming of many institutions that offer formal training of civil engineer s to create professionals in the field. There are firms formed by civil engineers that look at the construction needs and challenges to find solutions. They also act as a standard setting institution to certify civil engineers before they get to the construction industry so that they are competent enough. This century presents many challenges in civil engineering. This is because most problems that the society faces today have a direct relationship with this field. For instance, some road accidents are associated directly with poor road construction which is under civil engineering (Seely, 1999, p.8). This perception by the society calls for a change in the framework of our structures for professional and educational bit of this

Consumer society gives people choice.disscus this claim Essay

Consumer society gives people choice.disscus this claim - Essay Example One of the escalating habits nowadays is that, with the arrival of convenience stores, people spend much of their shopping in supermarkets. On average, in the USA, most people consume 275 pounds of meat, 635 pounds of paper among others. Further, there is an average of one passenger car for two people in the US, One passenger car for about three people in Europe, and one passenger car for 49 people in the developing countries. Overall, the argument that consumer society is driven by choices or that drives choice as far as consumption of goods and services are concerned must be examined in a number of ways. These should include understanding what consumer society is all about, the features of the Consumer Society, the drivers of Consumer society as it is today ,with advertisement and phenomenon/technologies like credit card being ‘forced’ on people, so that they can purchase more and more. Hinchcliff et al, (2009) see consumption as a lifestyle and something that comes as a result of socialization. It is therefore, for him, a lifestyle involving people using goods and services, as the last bearers. It therefore for him the end line of ‘economic activities’ begins with assessment of the resources available and goes on through to the production stage and distribution, to the point of usage (Hinchcliff et al, 2009, pg 20). Consumer Society, or rather Consumerism, has been viewed as an economic as well as a social structure tailored and lined on the calculated systematic creation and fostering of a desire to purchase goods and services in greater amounts and sometimes with a tinge of variety. It is a process that sows the seed of belongingness (Hinchcliff et al, 2009, pg 20). The major understanding by social scientists is that consumption presents different values, attitudes and a sense of belonging (Hinchcliff et al, 2009, pg 21). The characteristic of the consumer society can be examined in the context of the common

Nature vs. Nurture Essay Example for Free

Nature vs. Nurture Essay Homosexuality, Addictions and Intelligence There have always been disputes on whether the decision to be homosexual or heterosexual was based on biological or environmental factors. These disputes are known as the Nature vs. Nurture argument. The two sides argue over how gender is chosen within a person. Based on reproductive organs, sex is easily determined at birth: male or female. Gender, however; is the sexual identity an individual takes on. It is possible for sex and gender to be different. For an example of nurture children who were both born with an injured or damaged reproductive organ, males usually can be raised successfully as females. In order to understand which factor is the deciding factor of a person’s gender, both sides of the case must be fully evaluated. DNA studies which appear to prove that gender is a genetic trait. Researchers have analyzed the makeup of the human brain of homosexuals and heterosexuals seeking a connection between gender and the brains physiology. They found when studying the part of the brain directly related to a persons’ sexual drive, that homosexuals had an enlarged hypothalamus, whereas heterosexuals had a normal one indicating a direct correlation between the brain and gender selections (AllPsych). In researching DNA’s role in gender identity, some scientist have identified the gene that determines a person’s sexual preference. Although there are mounting evidence of the existence of a â€Å"gay gene, â€Å"the opposition denies the existence (AllPsych). People in support of the Nurture argument claim that is an individual conscious or subconscious decision as to his or her gender identify. While many claim that people may control their sexual orientation, their brain, and not the other way around are actually controlling them. A person DNA and brain physiology control sexual preference which may be associated in the amygdale of the limbic system (Pscyhsmart). When scientist castrated the rats, stopping the creation of androgen, the male rats became submissive. When the androgen was given to the female rats, they began to display masculine behaviors. This experiment resulted in the male rat being submissive and allowing the female rat to  mount the male, unlike the normal male rat that would mount the female when engaging in reproduction ( Lippa 102). Similar to humans, if male do not have proper balance of hormones with his body, he may show feminine traits. These hormones are a biological aspect of gender that affects the decision to be homosexual or heterosexual. On the other hand, for the purpose of this discussion, addiction can take many forms, including not only substance use disorders, but also pathologic gambling, bulimia, and a host of other disorders. Dependency, abuse, and addiction are used relatively interchangeably; however, there is ongoing debate within the field regarding the best terminology. Furthermore, differences in how these phenotypes are surrounded can have an impact on the results of gene discovery efforts. Genetic loci that have been consistently associated with various forms of substance addiction, as well as those that demonstrate relevance to pharmacologic treatment. While the nature vs. nurture debate has raged, is the contribution of interactions between genetics and environment. In reality, gene expression is environment dependent and it impossible to obtain pure estimates of genetic vs. environmental contribution one could not exist without the other. The environment a child experiences is partly a consequence of the child’s genes as well as external factors. To some extent a person seeks out and creates his or her environment. If she is of a mechanical bent she practices mechanical skills; if a bookworm, she seeks out books. Thus genes may create an appetite rather than an aptitude. Remember that the high heritability of short-sightedness is accounted for not just by the heritability of a gene for short sightedness but by the heritability of literate habits. Conversely, on the discussion of intelligence, there are three facts about the transmission of intelligence that virtually everyone seems to accept: 1. Both heredity and environment contribute to intelligence. 2. Heredity and environment interact in various ways. 3. Extremely poor as well as highly enriched environments can interfere with the realization of a persons intelligence, regardless of the persons heredity (Sternberg Grigorenko, 1997, p.xi). Intelligence that appears to relate to ability to reason abstractly, to learn and to adapt. In closing, homosexuality, addictions and intelligence have reliable  statistical relationships with important social phenomena, but they are a limited tool for deciding what to make of any given individual. As stated by Ridley, Mother Nature has plainly not entrusted our genetic capacities to the blind fate of a gene or genes; she gave us parents, learning, language, culture and education to program ourselves with. WORKS CITED: Johnson, Ryan D. AllPsych (2005). â€Å"Homosexuality: Nature or Nurture†. Ridley, M. (1999). Genome: The autobiography of a species in 23 chapters. London: Fourth Estate Ltd. Sternberg, R. J., Grigorenko, E. (Eds.) (1997). Intelligence, heredity, and environment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Leadership In Toyota Business

Leadership In Toyota Business Transformational Leadership The transformational leadership is the style of the direction in which the chief identifies the change necessary, creates a vision to direct the change with the inspiration, and carries out the change with the commission of the members of the group. Transactional leadership The transactional leadership is a term used to classify the theories formally sweat of a direction of the group which of research the interactions between the leaders and the followers make. A transactional leader is centered more one series of transactions. This person wishes to supervise towards was, to have exchange it profits with its subordinates and clarifies a direction duty with the rewards and the punishments to achieve goals. Charismatic Leadership The charismatic leadership is direction based the capacity of the chief to communicate and to be comprised manners that reach the partisans in a manner basic, emotional, to inspire and to justify. It is difficult to identify the characteristics which make with charismatic leader, but includes certainly the capacity to communicate in an emotional level very with long range, and probably includes some characteristics of the personality. Level 5 Leadership Level 5 leadership has higher level in a hierarchy of the executive capacities. The leaders in the others four levels can be right, but cannot rise with companies of the mediocrity to constant excellence. The direction of level 5 defies the catch of load that to transform with companies of what is good with large it asks chiefs. The chiefs who came towards outside in cover in the study five years from Hakes were relatively unknown out of their industries. The results appear to indicate a change of the emphases far from the hero to with what is anti-hero. Transactional leadership in Toyota Toyota provides like various example of the direction. Toyota led its success by producing a product of higher quality with the assistance of its suppliers. The company works openly with its dominant suppliers to put and increase its operation in execution. It shares the secrecies of the system of production of Toyota with the suppliers to help to reach the operation of quality and the cost which benefits all the members from the chain from source. Toyota grew at fast intervals for this period and it changed recently the third automaker more of large the world. The volume of research suggests that the chiefs transformational (Toyotas of the world) exceed with compromise chiefs (GMs) in the majority of the cases. The example conveys industry shows this on a wide timeframe. The representatives of the chain of source can wish to evaluate their own organizations and to determine the type of direction, and the ship of the partisan, currently while occurring and to make their plans related in the long run consequently. Toyota has a strong capacity of research and development as well as the capacities of manufacture being given its capacity to nourish and preserve creativity of the employee. Also, it provides flexibility in an atmosphere of the work which enough rigid and controlled. Without importing the aforesaid advantage, however, the transactional leadership has disadvantages. This conformity and a highly structured atmosphere, of the employee of the values of the model of the direction cannot often encourage creativity or the innovation of the employee. In addition, this conformity of the employee can far causing more the problems for an organization. New processes, practical, or direct structures which change the nature of directing work, suggest that it can be the important source of the competitive advantage. In this study, hearth in the innovation of management in the level of the organization and fact of research on role of the behavior of direction like antecedent of the key. Being given it prominent role in organizations, management higher than the capacity to influence the innovation of management largely. The belief, behaviors, and the capacities of the expert leaders in the mean system of management arise on the other hand and they are shown to be remarkable different from that one had by the expert representatives in conventional practices of management. The results illustrate important limitations of the models of the capacity of the direction. The development of the new capacities of the direction reframed as problem of changes-over. Gathered with kaizen, capacities that a better service the interests of a business an d its holders of dominant bets can be observed more with effectiveness. The transactional leadership with the attention with the supervision and the reinforcement behaviors of the safety of the workers were shown to be effective in the level of supervision. The average representatives need to be implied in safety and to support the opened communication, while they ensure conformity with the systems of safety. They must not prohibit with supervisors with the degree of autonomy for the initiatives of safety. The larger representatives have an influence first in the culture of the safety of the organization. They need continuously to show a commission visible with safety, indicated him better possible for the moment when they devote to the topics of safety. Give the transactional leader energy to carry out certain tasks and to reward them or to punish them by the operation of the equipment. It gives the opportunity to the person charged to lead to the group and the group decides to follow his led it to obtain an objective predetermined in exchange of a little more. Energy is given to the chief to evaluate, correct and to form with subordinates when the productivity is not until the desired effectiveness of the level and the reward when the result envisaged is reached. The transactional leadership is frequently occupied needs and instrumental or daily transactions of management (i.e. responsibility for operation or work, exchanging a favor, turning over a request) between the chief and the partisans to achieve goals of the subunit. However, the process with effectiveness to handle these needs which face is in accordance with the capacity of diagnosis and with the adaptability of the chief in style of direction. The transactional leadership is perceptibly connected with results of the leadership of the effectiveness of the leader, additional effort of the employees, and satisfaction of the employee. The transformational leadership could increase the transactional leadership to produce of them greater quantities of operation and satisfaction. Transformational leadership in Toyota Toyota uses a program of the management of credit of the vital cycle to protect from the corporative credits. By taking this innovating bringing together, Toyota makes sure that the corporative credits reach or exceed their useful life expectancy. They reached an employers sight of the EC what it can be differed, and for how long, as they estimate the impact of a reserve suggested. With proven results, Toyota revealed strong operation of the credit in a difficult economy by having the information which needs to make suitable adjustments of the percentage of availability and the reductions with their operation project. The transformational leadership functions especially well in the close relations of supervision, compared with more distant relations, and a closer supervision is often more typical in mental adjustments of health. The transformational leadership treats the direction like a characteristic of the personality or predisposition personnel rather which as behavior in which people can be sent. If the capacity to act as a transformational chief is a characteristic then which forms with people in this bringing together it is problematic. The creation of the value for all the holders of bets is still central activities of the units of business. The emphasis is in the improvement supported in the value created, led by all the employees through an integrated system of programs and initiatives, continuously supervised and determined against standards and the measurements put in execution. Division was well carried out in difficult economic circumstances. The transformational chief justifies with his effective and effective equipment to be. The communication is the base for the achievement of the objective which is centered with the group the final desired achievement of the result or the objective. This leader is highly visible and uses the chain of the commando to obtain made work. The transformational leaders are centered the large table, by needing some to be surrounded by people who take the care of the details. The chief always seeks the ideas which move the organization with the range the vision of the company. The representatives who exert practices transformational of the direction will most probably test higher tendencies for the commission of emotional and normative organization. The commission of organization of handling of the employee is important because it was related to the reduced volume of sales, with the increasing knowledge which he shared, with the increasing behaviors of organization of the citizenship and with the reduced absenteeism. The transformational leadership is different from the compromise direction because it is not inculcated in the cognitive spirit. There are some rules to put the model transformational direction in execution. These rules include the articulation of light and an attractive vision, by explaining how the vision can be obtained, to act sure and optimistic, by expressing confidence of the partisans, by using the dramatic actions, symbolic systems to accentuate the dominant values, and to lead them for example. The transformational leadership contributes to the innovation of management. Interesting, our study indicates that one smaller, less complex, favors organizations more compromise direction to carry out the innovation of management. In addition, of the larger organizations require to draw in transformational chiefs to compensate for their complexity and to allow that the innovation of management thrives. Charismatic leadership in Toyota Toyota can internally be seen like modern institutional manner, by preserving energy dynastic. In Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 it founded with the company like effect of industries of Toyota of the company of his father, and chair it today is Akio Toyoda. It would be large over-simplification to assume which a family-based structure inhibits the change and the adjustment. However, its response to its manufacture and recent problems of the strategy appear constant with a tendency to avoid the radical actions which seem threats to remove the heart with cultural values. The charismatic leaders create a direction of the goal for their organization which is of motivation and inspiring. The charismatic chiefs express things simply so that each one obtains it; they use the positive language, often stories of the use, symbols, and metaphors to obtain its point with crossing. The charismatic chiefs ask for the status quo, take risks and thrive in the innovation and change them. But in the other side it can be deprived spectacular, it creates a worship of the personality and can use towards outside with the workers. Toyota tries to balance the interests of what are stakeholders like employees, customers, suppliers, investors and the Community with the mean production. Use factors as quota of market; the product or the innovation of the service, quality etc are regarded as important parts of the total value of the business. The Charismatic leadership strongly has its effects by contracting the concepts of itself of the partisans to the interest of the mission articulated by the chief like, the (A) the behavior of charismatic chiefs and its effects the partisans, it (b) the role of the values and the orientations of the partisans in the charismatic relation, and it (c) something of the conditions of organization which support the appearance and the effectiveness of charismatic chiefs. The charismatic leaders act like model of the role for the followers, show the individualized consideration and recognize the realization of the partisan, exhibit not very conventional behavior, and show the personal risk with regard to their vision for the organization. The charismatic leader led to the investment growing in the signature, and influences it of the chief were taller when the prospects for a return of organization were more difficult. The transformational leadership provides partisans a clear direction of the goal which, is a model of the role for control moral and built the identification with the leader and his vision articulated for a sector. Level 5 leadership in Toyota Leadership, leading the organization to a vision which uses a tactical strategy definite business and directions through all the levels on the floor of the plant, fact TPM, inclination, and the vision of the work management of TPM for TPM must be aligned levels themselves higher of the organization on the floor and the suppliers of the plant. The level 5 leadership is the category of execution higher than the direction in world. They can reach splendid and durable results in the long run. With the force requires much time and personal investment of the leader but the leader does not receive personal credit. The level 5 leadership defies the catch of load that to transform with companies of what is good with large it asks chiefs. Tri-dimensional leadership in Toyota Toyota is installed in what calls the base the three-dimensional chief the dynamic operational ones of the success (COSD) which makes the culture of a large company. Since a particular system of values is the angular stone of one of highly of collaboration, and cross-pollinated, culture which gains, required PO to support with responsible representatives to carry them ahead, while ensuring itself whose behavior of the employee is constant with them. In this model, the measure of the efficiency is an evaluation of the response to the atmosphere or the results, rather which an evaluation of the initial behavior of the leader. Emotional Intelligence One defines the emotional intelligence as timidity a person, a confidence in itself, self-control, commission and integrity, and the capacity of a person to communicate, influence, and start the change and to accept the change. Three of the aspects more important than the emotional intelligence so that the capacity of a chief makes effective decisions are timidity, communication and influence, and commission and integrity. Three dominions of the capacity-emotional ability (which call EQ), the intellectual capacity (index of intelligence), and the direct capacity (MQ) which contributes to operation in the act included the supervision, the oral communication, the direction of the business, even management, and the initiative and independence. The index of intelligence is EQ, not which is given as good somebody will be carried out in work. While this does not mean that the technical abilities and the general intelligence must be made case, some studies indicated that the emotional intelligence twice is so important. When it comes to the direction, I.E. (internal excitation) is incredibly important, while differentiating between the effective and poor direction. Toyota, which invented the system of the mean production, appears to have inclined its manner with the catastrophe. The pressures to increase margins led to a series of decisions to cut a little cost to one here and a bit there in the process of the design. While each individual decision was probably justifiable, the cumulative impact appears to have made the increase in the cars of the company the fragile or fragile systems, ripe for the unexpected forces like the interaction between a carpet the stage and of an accelerator to involve a judgment of the system. While the exploration and the exploitation of knowledge represent two different activities which require corresponding adjustments of organization, the development of new product calls for a dynamic combination from both. In agreement with a systematic revision of the paradox between the exploration of knowledge and the exploitation and several strategies of resolution, research extends the construction of the ambidexterity of organization of the double structure to the ambidextrous capacities, and suggests a dialectical method to reconcile this paradox on lower levels of organization. Current requirements of leadership The development of the theory of the leadership was parallel to the development of the theory of organization. The models of the direction of liberalism, compromise and transformational explain the old paradigm of the bureaucratic organization and reinforce the new paradigm of organization for the twentieth first century. The bureaucratic organization is analyzed in terms of direction the liberalism and the compromise elements of the direction of management-by-the exception and the reward quota. The new station-bureaucratic organization is analyzed in terms from four I of the direction transformational: individualized consideration, intellectual stimulant, motivation of what is inspirational, and influence idealized. The inferences are drawn for the roles and the necessary behavior of the future chiefs. Challenges faced by leader The leader and the organization face today with a host of the challenges of the direction. These challenges are of dropped natural. 1) Transformation: The transformation changes a long-term reality instead of work of today. The technology which it changes and a total economy are two of the principal factors, with to which the leader must face. The best put plans stops organization a structural change is frequently undermined by a lack to exist strong direction. Sail so much successfully with leaders of the transition and the organization needs to include/understand the human side of the transition and to build a culture of confidence. Like such a leader need has to want to explore and learn how from its own emotional transitions to support such efforts in others. 2) Cultural adaptability: The cultural adaptability is the goodwill and the capacity to recognize, include/understand and work with effectiveness through cultural differences. These differences can include language, the religion and with social customers, among others. While the organization arrives at being more total, the cultural adaptability changes a vital ability for directing success. 3) Management of the conflict: The difficult interactions, the dissimulated end of the organization like, the tensions and frustration can all the release of conflict in the place of work. The conflicts in progress can sabotage productivity, the co-operation and the communication. However, when the leaders handle conflict with effectiveness, the organization can test positive advantages, like decision-making better, more open and an ambient organization which stimulates creativity and the innovation. To handle conflicts, the chiefs need to learn how to recognize it and then to treat it. 4) Effective relations of the emotional intelligence: The emotional intelligence is more than hardly a word of the buzz. It is in the base of the capacity of a leader to put in connection well with others the chiefs it cannot produce the alignment of the commission and cultivate it necessary to survive and thrive at complex times. The capacity to build effective relations is one of the more important dominant components challenges of the direction. Future requirements of leadership The analysis of future condition of the direction determines the necessary critical capacities leaders to deliver in the future strategy of the organization. Once these capacities of the direction are identified, they are useful as the foundation for the significant process of the hour which must be aligned with the tools and the processes for development of the direction to deliver to the necessary leaders to carry out the future strategy. Only if the analysis of the future conditions of the direction is precise will that the remainder of the system of development of the direction is built with effectiveness and contributes to the future success of the organization. Future leader face the challenges Being given the dynamics of the business which it changes, we must start to seek new manners of developing abilities of the direction to contribute to chiefs successfully to sail the future challenges. The popular publications of business are centered in design and the innovation like contributor dominant with the success of long-term organization. 85 percent of larger leaders it were appropriate that the virtual direction is an ability necessary for the chiefs in its organizations and as agreed as the virtual direction requires various abilities which it expensive direction with face. The leaders must learn how to work through limits to collaborate with effectiveness during the years which come. Confidence and the respect are vital in the place of work, to develop these abilities for the future it will be essential to maintain with the committed and trustful labor on the long term. The development of the talent is a challenge of important organization today. The differences in the answers could be allotted to the fact that one communicated no plan of the succession by the means of organizations. The direction and the success of organization will require greater levels of the operation of each employee. To ensure we are ready for the challenge, health and the aptitude must change a hearth of our processes of the development to be dealt with the high voltage, to avoid burnout, and to maintain with completely engaged employees. (CEML): Best Practice Guide for Organizations for leadership development The Council for Excellence in Management and Leadership (CEML) to help in the United Kingdom to improve their action of the representatives and the chiefs of good quality. This particular project was directed the improvement of the direction in large corporations and was directed by a group of operation understood by the directors or executives which revealed in the principal Councils with such a responsibility. Developing leaders Who convert need hour to develop its capacities. The effective chiefs are use with models, trainers, mentors, the cars and the advisers of the role to improve. The legendary direction is reached by which they seek wisdom and knowledge their advisers, of partisans and professors. The courses of training of the abilities of the direction build their confidence and authorize their dash towards success. Leadership training programs energizing people of the organizations. The development of the direction follows and to form workshops must consolidate its capacity, align its values with authentic behaviors and enable him to attend its professionals, executives; the representatives and the heads of undertaking obtain their objectives. The development of the leadership is recognized like vital ingredient for the success of the organization, the implication of larger leaders in teaching and to learn from the future leaders was shown to be a tool with long range and effective. The leadership is to gauge the energy level of chiefs as it makes them able to learn its errors and from entertainment to be had in the place of work. The academician can make enormous contributions in the knowledge and the abilities of people who convert put in connection with the Community and the social change. Mentorship and to model role played a significant part in its development of career. Mentoring is a form of social assistance in which they match with an experienced individual and quite less informed (it protects) in order to advance the satisfaction of the development and the career of they protects and decreased alienation work, the effective socialization of the young employees, promotions and remuneration, mobility career and advances, satisfaction of the career, commission of the career, job satisfaction, and reduced to the individuals with an experiment and a knowledge of more advanced (mentors) tension of work. (CEML): Best Practice Guide for Organizations for future leadership development The Council for Excellence in Management and Leadership (CEML) to make sure that Great Britain can produce with chiefs and representatives of the future in the public and private sectors which are phosphorus for any person in the world. This will be based the following strategy of the three-filament: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To improve the request for the development of management and the direction of individuals and organizations; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ By improving the source and the delivery of the abilities of management and the direction by proposing reforms with the source of education of management and direction and the drive; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The supervision not-changes in connections between the request and the source the creation of the CEML shows clearly not only the attempt of the current administration to deliver to improve the development and the drive of it of the direction of the public sector, but also that which started to develop some of the strategic structures to deliver with an aim. The CEML is clearly necessary a prospect for the government to direct, contract and improve the development of the direction and management in the organizations of the United Kingdom.

Comparing Islamic and Arabic Architecture Essay -- Compare Contrast

Comparing Islamic and Arabic Architecture Works Cited Missing The Hagia Sophia church and the Suleymaniye mosque are separated by a thousand years but are tied together eternally. One representing the achievement of the Christian-Byzantine empire and the other representing the ability of the Islamic-Ottoman empire and its architect Sinan. Two empires that had very little in common other than their architecture and region. In earlier history the Dome of the Rock represented the Islamic empire's attempt to rival the newly defeated Byzantine empire and its architectural achievements such as the Holy Sepulchre. As history often repeats itself, with similar political motives the Suleymaniye mosque became the Ottoman's answer to the Byzantine's great achievement in their area- the Hagia Sophia. The result is that one finds in the Suleymaniye mosque the inspiration of the Hagia Sophia as well as the distinctive Islamic qualities that Sinan brought to it. The Hagia Sophia, the Suleymaniye, and Sinan By most accounts the Hagia Sophia was first built between 532 and 537 by Isodorus of Miletus and Anthemis of Tralles for the Emperor Justinian during the Byzantine Empire's control over the region and its capital Constantinopole.The present Hagia Sophia is the result of six building periods, the first two being the periods in which its basic structure was formed. A thousand years after the Hagia Sophia was first constructed, when Constantinopole became Istanbul and the Ottomans gained control, Sinan designed the Suleymaniye Complex for the Sultan Suleyman the Lawgiver. The socioreligious complex, called a kulliye, was built over seven years between 1550-57 with the mosque being the focus of the complex. Sinan, who created over 400 w... ...e designers achieved this formally particularly with the use of lighting by having shafts of light placed rhythmically at different heights. This was not Sinan1s intention in designing the Suleymaniye Complex. The description of the entry into the complex found in "Sinan: An Interpretation" by Hans G. Egli reflects clarity rather than mystery: "Twenty steps through the dark passage, the well-lit expanse of the mosque unfolds: the space is felt as unified upon entry and all parts are clearly seen and understood"(p34). Despite the many similarities between the Hagia Sophia and the Suleymaniye both have their separate places in architectural history. By taking the accomplishments of the church and fusing them with the well established Islamic architectural traditions the Suleymaniye Mosque went beyond being a product of inspiration and became an inspiration itself.

In Defense of Liberty and Individuality Essay -- Essays Papers

In Defense of Liberty and Individuality It is a little-known fact that for the past century, every American president has been given a copy of John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty[1] upon entering office. Since its publication in 1859, On Liberty’s discussions of liberty and individuality have been a foundation for modern Western political thought and for the liberal democracy. Mill brings to light a unique perspective on the relationship between liberty and individuality, and in the end, on tolerance. According to Mill, individual liberty should be limited by one, and only one thing: the self-preservation of society and other individuals. To that end, man should be free to act and even more so to think in any form he wishes, without the suppression of ideas or opinions, as long as it does not prevent others from doing the same. This liberty will diversify society and allow individuality to flourish. For Mill, liberty—based on a recognition of man’s fallibility and right to self-preservation —breeds individuality, which in turn leads to the betterment of individual character and of society as a whole. Mill begins On Liberty by stating his goal explicitly: a discussion of civil or social liberty and more specifically, what power society or government can legitimately wield over the people—â€Å"the struggle between Liberty and Authority† (On Liberty, 3). As will be shown in more detail later, Mill seems to find himself, and the developed world, in a period of transition. He notes that historical liberty was based on seeking protection against the political tyranny of leaders who did not rule by the will of the people or for the good of the people. Reformers, unsatisfied with the state of affairs, tried to limit the r... ...nt of recognizing all sides of the truth, are principles applicable to men’s modes of action, not less than their opinions† (On Liberty, 58). He argues that liberty and individuality are not only related, but are inseparable. He grounds his reasoning in the utilitarian view that because man is not perfect, no opinion or life should be taken as correct or incorrect unless given a chance to be tested, and that society and individuals can only progress if these tests are allowed. Mill remarks that society is currently being dominated by an emerging conformity and mediocrity. He sees individuality as the only hope to curb this dangerous progression, and liberty as individuality’s creator and protector. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. The Modern Library: New York, 2002. In Defense of Liberty and Individuality Essay -- Essays Papers In Defense of Liberty and Individuality It is a little-known fact that for the past century, every American president has been given a copy of John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty[1] upon entering office. Since its publication in 1859, On Liberty’s discussions of liberty and individuality have been a foundation for modern Western political thought and for the liberal democracy. Mill brings to light a unique perspective on the relationship between liberty and individuality, and in the end, on tolerance. According to Mill, individual liberty should be limited by one, and only one thing: the self-preservation of society and other individuals. To that end, man should be free to act and even more so to think in any form he wishes, without the suppression of ideas or opinions, as long as it does not prevent others from doing the same. This liberty will diversify society and allow individuality to flourish. For Mill, liberty—based on a recognition of man’s fallibility and right to self-preservation —breeds individuality, which in turn leads to the betterment of individual character and of society as a whole. Mill begins On Liberty by stating his goal explicitly: a discussion of civil or social liberty and more specifically, what power society or government can legitimately wield over the people—â€Å"the struggle between Liberty and Authority† (On Liberty, 3). As will be shown in more detail later, Mill seems to find himself, and the developed world, in a period of transition. He notes that historical liberty was based on seeking protection against the political tyranny of leaders who did not rule by the will of the people or for the good of the people. Reformers, unsatisfied with the state of affairs, tried to limit the r... ...nt of recognizing all sides of the truth, are principles applicable to men’s modes of action, not less than their opinions† (On Liberty, 58). He argues that liberty and individuality are not only related, but are inseparable. He grounds his reasoning in the utilitarian view that because man is not perfect, no opinion or life should be taken as correct or incorrect unless given a chance to be tested, and that society and individuals can only progress if these tests are allowed. Mill remarks that society is currently being dominated by an emerging conformity and mediocrity. He sees individuality as the only hope to curb this dangerous progression, and liberty as individuality’s creator and protector. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. The Modern Library: New York, 2002.

Cloning: The Ethical Dilemma :: Biology

Cloning: The Ethical Dilemma Following the successful cloning of a lamb to produce Dolly, a genetically identical twin of its mother lamb, controversy has arose over the frightening prospects of cloning technology. Although undeniable that the ability to clone livestock and even humans is a leap in medical advancement, such technology must be utilized with careful considerations to the issue of ethics. There are many obvious advantages of cloning technology which comes to mind with the successful cloning of Dolly. Of most immediate concern will be the ability to clone a variety of animal species for food, research and medical uses. For instance, farmers can now opt to farm only genetically cloned, top quality animals. Another possibility can be the mass cloning of animals with genetic defects that mimic human diseases. This will facilitate large-scale scientific research of such diseases. Cloning also raises the possibility of producing transgenic animals, which can help alleviate human organ shortage by providing organs for transplant. There are still many more opportunities resulting from cloning that cannot be discussed here due to the brevity of this essay. Judging by the many advantages of cloning, should we then jump into this new technology without further hesitation? There are ethical issues that must be carefully considered. For instance, is it right for us to turn to human farming to provide suitable organs for transplants? Are we not infringing on the rights of these human clones? Or do we not even consider them to be in the same class as us? What about the possibility of having designer babies? Would not it be perfect if we are able to select babies the way we buy our groceries, selecting those without inherent flaws? What about those who cannot afford to have their babies made to order? Will their children be subject to discrimination simply because they are less than perfect? Other than ethic issues alone, there are medical issues to take into consideration as well. Cloning technology is still in its infancy and as yet, long term effects of cloning are still unpredictable. Should we then go ahead with mass cloning when we are still groping in the dark as to its future consequences? There is a need for us to view cloning research in the right perspective. As with any other medical research, it can be a double-edged sword if exploited in the wrong manner.

As Separate Peace Essay

It has connections between Genesis and the fall of man throughout the book underlining the main story. Genesis and the fall of man are used in the novel solely to understand human nature and the good and evil living inside everyone. Throughout the book the protagonist Gene, puts himself in a competition with his best friend and biggest enemy Finny. Finny is the perfect athlete and caries along innocence and pure thoughts of life itself and others around him. Gene and Finny both show representations of Cain and Abel as well as the creation of man with Adam and Eve. Much like Cain’s jealousy towards his brother Abel, Gene is very jealous and envious of Finny. Abel was the pure and honest brother who carried out all of Gods orders and pleased him very much, while Cain was the complete opposite. He was seen as rather corrupted and sinful. Gene, in this way, is portraying Cain because in the novel Gene realizes the strong hold that sin has on him and the strong hold on it has on his soul, and he says â€Å" It was just some ignorance inside me, some crazy thing inside me, something blind, that’s all it was† (183). Unfortunately, Gene becomes overpowered by his jealousy towards Finny just as Cain did towards Abel. Gene’s jealousy takes control of his mind and body when he finally realizes he will never be as perfect as Finny. He will never be as good athletically or he will never be as good morally and mentally either. Gene says â€Å"there never was and never could have been any rivalry between us. I was not of the same quality as he† (59). Which shows he knows that he will never win with Finny there. The pain of Gene knowing this makes him make a very unreasonable and ridiculous action that he regrets the rest of his life. Holding firmly to the trunk, I took a step forward and I jounced the limb. Finny, his balance gone, swung his head around to look at me for an instant with extreme interest, and then he tumbled sideways, broke through the little branches below and hit the bank with a sickening thud† (52). The story in Genesis of Cain and Abel is exceedingly similar to that. â€Å"Now Cain said to his brother Abel, ‘Let’s go out to the field. ’ And while they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him† (Genesis 4:8). These two incidents directly parallel each other and unveil much about human nature. When Gene finally admits to the realization that he will never beat Finny or get close to his level he subconsciously lets his jealousy kill the better man inside of him so what is left is an empty soul. The fall of Adam and Eve is also coinciding with Gene’s tremendous fall in the novel. In Genesis, the story of Adam and Eve is set in the Garden of Eden. In the garden there was no sin, suffering or pain. Everyone was happy and had everything they wanted. The one thing God told Adam and Eve was to stay away from the tree of knowledge of good and evil and to not eat the fruit from that tree, yet that was too much to ask. â€Å"When the woman saw the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her husband who was with her, and he also ate it† (Genesis 3:6). This sin had grave consequences such as â€Å"the eyes of both of them were opened and they realized they were naked; so they sewed fig-leaves together and made coverings for themselves† (Genesis 3:7). Gene’s sin had similar results from when he shook the tree and Finny fell, his life changed largely. The impact of his actions struck him extremely hard and at once he became ashamed and embarrassed of what he did, just as Adam and Eve were of their nakedness so they hid. Gene’s shame relates to the story of Adam and Eve but not just that, it relates to a large population of people today and this is the point Knowles was making and why he related his book to Genesis. As humans, people are automatically going to hide their transgressions behind something else and that’s just human nature. To be able to fully understand this novel you need to know about creation and the fall of man. In every human there is good and there is evil, it will come out at different times and one might overpower the other, but there is till both. Cain and Abel’s story, along with Adam and Eve’s story equally show how the evil overpowered Gene.

Is the Uk political system democratic? Essay

â€Å"A government of the people, by the people, for the people.† The word democracy comes from the Greek words â€Å"demos† which means the people and â€Å"kratos† which means authority, or power. A democratic political system is one in which the ultimate political authority is vested in the people this means that all eligible citizens are able to participate equally either directly or through elected representatives in the proposal, development, and creation of laws that will change and shape everyday life. A democratic country aims to have an accountable government that serve the best interests of the people it is governing. The UK is a liberal democracy which ensures that citizens should be able to influence governmental decisions made. The UK’s governmental system contains no written constitution. This means that theoretically the government are free to pass any legislation as long as they have the majority in parliament which could be easily achieved if the party has a large majority of seats. This means there is no safeguard for laws that can be altered or new ones that could be created. This is very undemocratic as the government therefore have too much power. The government is also in possession of other powers such as the royal prerogative that allows the prime minister to go to war without consent from parliament. An example of where this was used was the Iraq war in 2003 which was heavily resented by a large majority of the public. The most important thing is that true democracy is participatory democracy, where members of the public are effectively members of the government by voting directly on policies. However this is difficult to administer and as a result most modern democracies are representative. The public chooses who they wish to possess power and trust that person to devise policies that will benefit them. A representative democracy can easily become an elected dictatorship if the population’s views are not heard. Considering it from a purely political stance, democracy is power to the people, which establishes itself through the vote. We vote on members of the Commons but not on the Lords. We vote on local representatives but not party leaders. We vote on people but not policies. We vote people into Parliament but not out of it. We vote for a particular party but our second choices are not considered. We vote on only that which we are asked to vote on. We cannot ensure policies are maintained throughout a ministerial term by our vote. Evidently our democracy is far from flawless, and this is not even considering the social aspects of its meaning, i.e. the extent to which we are free police barraging of public protesters and Rupert Murdoch’s mass media control showed us that we are not quite as free as the democratic terminology seems to suggest. You could say that the UK can be made more democratic through a proportional electoral system, compulsory voting, a removal of unelected members of Parliament and more referendums. But it seems in these examples, more democratic is inversely proportional to more efficient. Proportional electoral systems may confuse voters and will result in less strong government, compulsory voting would cumber us with the careless votes of those uninterested in politics and therefore would not be an accurate representation of what the population wants a removal of unelected members of Parliament may increase political bias and reduce the expert value of the Lords. Referendums may be subject to people who do not know what is best for the country, and even then only those who set the agenda of democracy can be understood as a process of people governing their state and managing community affairs all together, based on consensus. The UK is in many ways not democratic. Firstly, the UK amongst many other countries claims to be a democracy. This would suggest that UK citizens have effective influence over government and over decisions that affect them. However there has been much controversy over this claim some arguing that power lies in the hands of just a few and others standing by the allegation that power in the UK is widely distributed. Secondly, First Past The Post has had a big impact on UK democracy. The system we use to elect our MPs has a real impact on how politics works in The UK. It has a direct effect on whether politicians truly represent us and whether we can hold them to account if they let us down. The defeat of the 2011 Alternative Vote (AV) referendum means it is now more important than ever to discredit our failed system and we are continuing to build the case for change at Westminster. This in turn means any of our votes just don’t count. Millions of people have no chance of deciding who their MP will be. And our votes are wasted by the system. Additionally, parties continue to focus all their time, money and effort on a handful of ‘marginal seats’, so just a few thousand voters can decide who runs Britain. As Jean-Jacques Rousseau highlighted in The Social Contract democracy in its political sense can only be efficient when the general will of the people is the same as each and every individual will. Here he argues that this can only be achieved through a classless society with censorship and civil religion. As democracy in modern society is now taken to be equal to freedom its efficiency as a political system is halted by its connotative meaning. This means Rousseau’s method of effective and true democracy would be considered undemocratic in the modern world. Britain may not be truly democratic but it is as democratic as it can be whilst maintaining the constancy and competency of its political workings.

Eradicating Social Ills

ASSIGNMENT 2 FIK 3042 ENGLISH FOR COMMUNICATION 2 ERADICATING SOCIAL ILLS AMONGST TEENAGERS GROUP: EL-AO4 Prepared by NAME| ID NUMBER| TELEPHONE NUMBER| Kasthuri Bai A/P Thangarajah| D20111049818| 013-9801264| Lecturer : Dr. Lajiman bin Janoory Dateline :6th November 2011 ERADICATING SOCIAL ILLS AMONGST TEENAGERS. Nowadays, the social ills amongst teenagers are so rampant that they are posing a great problem in the society . Before we go further , let us see what are actually these social ills among the teenagers.There are many types of social ills that are affecting our teenagers at an alarming rate. Some of them are addiction to drugs , smoking,gangsterism,vandalism,bullying,illegal racing and many more. Everyday we hear and see the effects of these social ills in the form of suicide,accidents,rapes,snatch thieves and brutal crimes. The effects of these social ills amongst teenagers are affecting the nation badly and causing great setbacks in the country. The spreading of social il ls have to be stopped immediately to save our youngsters who are the future generation.How are we going to eradicate these social ills if we do not know the root causes of these problems Therefore,before we find ways to eradicate the social ills amongst our teenagers, let us also dwell in the root causes of why the youngsters of nowadays fall an easy prey to the negative elements awaiting them. These causes can be categorized into several factors,mainly due to family crisis and external factors such as the influence of friends and environment.Living in this materialistic world can be very challenging to even adults,so what more to say for a teenager who is still struggling between adulthood and childhood. The need for good guidance ,counceling and parental love is essential to these youngsters. Whom should they turn to if the circumstances arise? Can they turn to their parents? Yes, under normal circumstances ,parents should be the child’s number one counsellor but,is this th e case in most child’s life? In fact the parents are the last to know about their child’s problem,which is a pity!This is because nowadays,mostly both parents are working and are too busy chasing their own goals, that they fail to see what their children are undergoing. Usually these parents leave their children to fend for themselves or in the care of a babysitter who most of the time doesn’t put her heart into the responsibility given . The outcome is , the child feels neglected and deprived of parental love. Another reason is when a child comes from a broken family,the frustration and anger is taken upon the poor child.As a result a child grows up to be insecure and lacking in direction. Hence falling an easy prey to the awaiting threats outside. Children are also stressed when parents are not understanding and pressure them to study something which is not of their interest . Parents who subject their own desires and ambitions on their children can cause a lo t of unnecessary pressure on them. Peer pressure and the need to proof oneself in order to be accepted is also another factor why the teenagers so easily succumb to the social ills around them.Constant innovation and development also provide boundless network which promotes extreme socialisation among our teenagers. Hence the exposure to all the unwanted elements in the society! Teenagers who do not know how to cope with stress, resort to these unwelcome means of escapism. We have seen some of the main reasons of why the social ills are spreading like an epidemic amongst our teenagers. What can we do to help them or to curb these social ills? There are a few very important things that can be done to nip the bud from the beginning itself.Firstly,the role of a family is very important . Parents who are responsible,who allocate enough quality time with their children can be a source of confidence for their children. Children will be able to rely on their parents for any advice and grow up to be a confident and secured person. These children often will not fall prey to the social ills as they are able to differentiate between good and bad and have no need for any form of escapism as they get enough love from their parents. Parents also must make sure that their children do ot lack of religious knowledge. As we know, all religion wants its followers to be a good human and abide by the rules. So if a child is given enough religious education and is taught to respect the humankind then,the chances of him or her resorting to violence is slim. Too much freedom and too much money given to teenagers will only mean trouble. Therefore parents should act wisely and explain to their youngsters why sometimes they cannot have whatever they want and why they must always obtain their parents’ permission before going out.Parents should always be aware of their child’s whereabouts but at the same time should not also be too strict and practice veto power at home. The y should be able to compromise,understand and respect their child’s feelings too. Maintaining a healthy relationship with children is an important measure in reducing these social ills amongst teenagers. Otherwise most teenagers will choose to rebel against their parents and try to prove to everyone that they are in control of their lives Besides the role of family ,the role of teachers and counsellors in schools is also very important in preventing social ills amongst teenagers.A teacher must always be sensitive to a child’s problem . A teacher must be able to gain a child’s trust in order for the child to confide in her or him. A teacher must make it her responsibility to solve a child’s problem and not be someone who simply wants to teach but is not much bothered about the child’s affair. Teachers can help a lot to curb these social ills if they play their role kindly and caringly. They should notice things and try to help the youngsters by send ing them to a counsellor or by counselling them themselves.While teaching in class , a teacher must always stress on the moral values and teach their students to avoid falling prey to bad influences. The education department and the mass media must always remind these teenagers to avoid doing all these illegal activities and the repercussions should anything unpleasant happen. The enforcement agencies can be invited to give talks and show slides of what is happening and how bad it can turn into,to create awareness amongst teenagers. A lot of opportunities must be created to allow teenagers to involve hemselves in activities such as outdoor games,indoor games,dancing and drawing classes,photography clubs and some social services that will divert the attention of these teenagers . The teenagers will not only be occupied but will also benefit from these extra activities. This healthy activities can be organised by the residential commitees or by the â€Å"ketua kampung†. Healthy competition with lucrative prizes can be held to attract these teenagers. The State government and the district office can help with these measures.Money used to cure the victims of the social ills in the form of rehabilitation centres and their medication can be put into a more healthy usage such as the above mentioned activities. After all one must agree that â€Å"Prevention is better than Cure†As a conclusion , everybody has to play an important role in eradicating social ills amongst teenagers . Eventhough these problems seem difficult to solve but as an Ethopian proverb says, â€Å"When the spider webs unite,you can tie up a lion. † (Infinity Web Development, LLC, 2002-2011) (OPpapers, 2011)

The Virgin of Vladimir

http://www. flickr. com/photos/t-a-a/5340663023/  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Virgin of Vladimir Byzantine painting was not realistic in its representations of the divine and super natural. (Online Lectures) The final results were paintings and mosaics that had a blending of some naturalistic elements and abstractions. (Online Lectures) The unifying element was that the works were depictions of the Divine for the Church. (Online Lectures) The Virgin of Vladimir an image depicting a mother and child was given to the Russian ruler by the Byzantine emperor somewhere between 1130 and 1135. This image later became known as the Virgin of Vladimir which is believed to have been one of St. Luke’s original paintings painted from real life. (Unknown) As of today it is now considered to be the work of a twelfth century Byzantine artist, to date its true creator is still unknown. This icon has come to be considered the most important and most powerful icon in Russia. (Unknown) This is one of the most copied icons over generations. This icon was credited with protecting Russia in several battles. F. S. Kleiner) Because of this, the Virgin of Vladimir was held in close regards by rulers of Russia. (Unknown) Whenever the capital moved, the icon moved as well. It eventually ended up in Moscow in the late fifteenth century. The Virgin, as seen in the example image that I choose, is holding the child in a tender embrace while looking out to the viewer. It has been said that she is acknowledging Christ’s future sacrifice for all of mankind. This image exhibits all of th e characteristic Byzantine traits: her straight long nose and small mouth, the golden rays in the infant’s drapery; the decorative sweep of the unbroken contour that encloses the two figures; and the flat silhouette against the golden ground. †   (F. S. Kleiner)   This work of art is unified. The artist used actual proportions in this painting; the child is proportionally smaller than the mother. The vividness of the hues of yellows and oranges worked well creating a harmonious piece of art. Overall, I think that this is an interestingly balanced piece of art. Works Cited Kleiner, Fred S. and Mamiya, Christin J. Gardner's Art Through the Ages: A Concise History of Western Art. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing, 2007. â€Å"Byzantine Art. † Online Lectures: History of Art in Early Civilization ART1020 XD. Web. 3 September 2011. Unknown. Art Through Time: A Global View . unknown unknown unknown. 4 September 2011 ;http://www. learner. org/courses/globalart/work/219/index. html;.

FInancial Eco and Asset Pricing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

FInancial Eco and Asset Pricing - Essay Example Transitivity of preferences suggests that consumer is able to make a choice between different alternatives and these choices are transitivite i.e. if choice A is preferred over choice B and B is preferred over C than A is preferred over C. The choices made by the investors therefore need to follow these axioms in order to make them rational. The assumptions of expected utility hypothesis suggest that out of different choices available to the individual investor, only those choices will be preferred which can offer the highest expected value. The use of the expected utility hypothesis is specially more meaningful under the uncertain risk environment because investors tend to chose those investments which offer the higher expected values. However, higher expected values are often associated with the higher risk also. Considering the above discussion, the different assumptions of the mean variance theory under the simple decision problem as well as on the market equilibrium model sugges t that that at the given mean values, lower variance is preferred whereas at the given variance levels, higher mean values are preferred. Thus the assumptions of mean variance theory and analysis suggest that in any case the investor will be concerned with the mean and variance of his portfolio over the given period of time. The overall shape of the opportunity set however, depends upon the covariance of different assets in the portfolio. Properties of the indifference curve under the mean variance analysis are based on the assumption that the returns are elliptically distributed. Based on this, the optimal portfolio is constructed when the asset returns are tangential to the capital market line. Portfolios with higher returns will be tangential on the upper part of the capital market line suggesting that the higher indifference curves will lie where the overall standard deviation of the portfolio is lower and mean returns are higher. It is also implied from this analysis that for a n individual investor, the optimal portfolio will lie on the CML in such a manner that his total wealth will be divided between the tangency portfolio and the risk free assets. The optimal portfolio however, is achieved where the slope i.e. the sharpe ratio is at the highest. In order to understand as to how the mean variance assumptions help to generate the market equilibrium, it is important to assume the homogeneity of the expectations held by all the investors. According to the two fund separation theorem, all the investors actually held the efficient portfolios and that the holding of risky securities is always done in the same proportion thus in order to generate the market equilibrium, it is important that the market portfolio is constructed by having the same portfolio weights. Under these assumptions the CAPM will therefore generate the market equilibrium in such a manner that the above equation provide the equilibrium relationship between the risk and return under the assu mptions made under mean variance analysis and CAPM. 2) A model is always considered as good if it attempt to provide answers to the different emerging problems and help to sort them out. However, every model is based on certain assumptions under which the different propositions of the model work and if these assumptions

The Birds by Alfred Hitchcock Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Birds by Alfred Hitchcock - Essay Example Perhaps that’s why it’s effective, because you do not know what’s going on. The tension is quite evident as the film starts and it never ends until you press stop in your player. I think it is a metaphor for new relationships. The movie Birds is about how jealousy can bring havoc to people’s lives. I personally think fear is a product of ignorance and mistrust, for that matter. And Hitchcock, as a master observer of the human condition, perfectly captures this idea. The story of the movie is loosely based on a novella written by Daphne Du Maurier which has a similar title. However, only the concept and the title were used. The setting, characters, milieu and other elements of the story were dropped. The story is centered on two characters: Melanie and Mitch, who began their relationship at the start of the movie. They met in a pet shop and they quarreled over love birds. Melanie â€Å"lost† the fight and bought the lovebirds and delivered it to Mitc h’s house secretly. This act leads the audience to encounter more female characters: Mitch’s mother (Lydia), Mitch’s sister (Cathy) and Mitch’s ex-girlfriend (Annie). Then when Melanie stays over for a night in Mitch’s house, a bird killed itself (yes, like suicide) because it hit the front door. Then another bird attacks in Cathy’s party, then more attacks come, until the climax came when Lydia discovers her friend lying dead in his bathroom. Many theories started to go about in the town. Talk about the apocalypse was the most popular theory. A tourist cried not to talk such things because it’s scaring her children while an amateur ornithologist claims that those are not bird attacks since birds do not attack. Then a gasoline station explodes, invariably caused by a bird. Then more deaths ensue, and more violence is caused by birds. For some reason, the tourist blames Melanie for the attacks, and then the next big scene we see is tha t Annie is lying dead, with Cathy crying over her. The couple, together with Cathy and Lydia, takes refuge in an abandoned home and they boarded it up. Throughout the night, they hear bird noises on the roof, scratching and trying to break into the house. Now Melanie did some investigation when everybody was asleep late in the night. She discovered that the birds have infiltrated the attic! The birds attacked her, and Mitch comes to save her. The movie ends while the family boards the car as they try to bring Melanie to the hospital, and the birds look at them menacingly, although they did not attack them. The theme of this movie is fear, and our reactions to fear, especially when it comes to personal relationships. Many people have different analyses over the film, and the most convincing take on it is that it’s about the birds symbolizing the women. Look at it this way: the movie’s main characters are Mitch and Melanie. The whole avian ordeal began when they picked u p the fight in the pet shop. Perhaps, you know, the tourist was right in saying that Melanie was indeed the cause of the bird attacks, but of course, we do not know that, and that gap in knowledge provides the necessary tension in the movie. Anyway, Mitch and Melanie are the main characters. Then the movie shows different women characters: Lydia, Cathy and Annie. They’re all basically birds (chicks) and they all vie for the attention of one man, Mitch. This is all about women (birds) being territorial. It is

Profile of a Theorist (Edward T. Hall) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Profile of a Theorist (Edward T. Hall) - Essay Example olars, among them the famous Marshall McLuhan who came out with the mantra, â€Å" the medium is the message†, and with whom Hall had a long and fruitful correspondence. Hall is universally acknowledged to be the founding father of studies on intercultural communication, because it all started with his early work in the 1950s for the United States State Department in order to coach foreign service personnel survival skills in intercultural communication. He realized that a majority of the communication gaps between people from different cultures could be because of different perceptions they had about the same thing, based on their cultural background. Intercultural communication is usually defined as any direct communicative interaction between individuals or groups of individuals belonging to different cultures. In other words, the term denotes interpersonal communication between "strangers" on the micro-level of face-to-face interaction. In a wider sense, however, the term is also but less frequently used to refer to direct or indirect interactions or contacts between ethnic groups, nations or cultures, thus denoting culture contact and cultural exchange on the meso- or macro-level. ( Roth, Klaus, 1999, p.206 ) The formal beginnings of intercultural communication are usually traced to the 1959 publication of â€Å"The Silent Language† by Hall. In this book, he defined culture as a concept, and described its role in setting expectations during the process of communication. He contradicted the prevalent natural assumption that communication styles and core values can be universal for all cultures. Instead, he proposed that a majority of human communication is actually non-verbal, mostly subconscious, and is determined to a large extent by cultural and linguistic backgrounds. In this book, he came up with the theory that not only does peoples cultural background act as a medium of communication, it also forms a subconscious part of the communication method.His